Steering knuckle is the most stress sustaining and critical component of all terrain vehicle atv. Design and development of steering knuckle with spindle. This project focuses on optimization of steering knuckle targeting reducing weight as objective function with required strength, frequency and stiffness. Design and simulation of manual rack and pinion steering system. Dependent suspension system a dependent suspension normally has a beam or live axle that holds wheels parallel to each. Design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle using numerical methods. Steering knuckle plays major role in many direction control of the vehicle it is also linked with other linkages and supports the vertical weight of the car. The procedure for a static analysis consists of three main steps. The main objective of this work is to explore performance opportunities, in the design and production of a steering knuckle. Pdf design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle using. Arm base is a part of steering knuckle, to which the tie rods are attached.
Design and analysis of steering knuckle component ijert. Inner angle 33 design of ackerman steering geometry by putting all these values we got, r 3. The areas that are the most vulnerable in the stiffness and durability analyses are the joint of the outer tie rod and knuckle and the joint of the strut and knuckle. Introduction the steering system is group of parts that transmit the movement of steering wheel to the front wheels.
Knuckle design should have safety factor above three because it indicates that the project is indeed safety to get any loads. The design of steering knuckle component is done with the help of computer aided engineering cae. In the design optimization of the knuckle component, a weight should be minimized, while design factors such as strength, stiffness and durability should be satisfied with design targets. To permit the wheels to be turned by the steering gear, the steering spindle and steering knuckle assemblies are hinged on the end of axle. The components like brake calipers, tie rod, ball joint, upper arm and lower arm. The steering system and steering column are the one of the most important devices of an automobile. Pdf on sep 28, 2018, v s shaisundaram and others published design. Now design steering geometries for different values iterations of inner wheel angle i at which ackerman condition is. Design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle using numerical methods and design of experiments. How much force the tire generates to do these things is a. Each cad and any associated text, image or data is in no way sponsored by or affiliated with any company, organization or realworld item, product, or good it may purport to portray. The design of the knuckle is usually done considering the various forces acting on it which involves all the forces generated by the road reaction on the wheel when the vehicle is in motion. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula saea. Research paper design, development and structural analysis of universal joint 1dhananjay s kolekar, 2abhay m.
Professor planchard for his effort in pushing us to our limits and advising us to produce the best vehicle possible. Design and analysis of hub and knuckle of fsae race car. Redesign of an fsae race cars steering and suspension. Some standard proportions for dimensions of the knuckle joint are taken as. Design of steering knuckle final result and finish a calculation of load fig. Dimensions can be determined using these empirical relations and the strength equations can be then used as a check. The design of the steering knuckle model prepare in creo 2. How to calculate steering system parameters like steering. The upright also locates these components in space. Steering knuckle, stress analysis and finite element analysis fea. Design and optimization of the steering system of a formula. Design the joint and specify the dimensions of its components.
The intermediate shaft connects the steering shaft to the steering pinion. Save on steering knuckle parts with great deals at advance auto parts. Problem definition steering knuckle requires lots of attention in selection because once it is damaged then it have to replace with the new one. Design and analysis of steering knuckle component for terrain vehicle article pdf available september 2018 with 2,153 reads how we measure reads. This is done for finding out the minimum stress area. There are two axial load acting on the steering knuckle such as tensile load and. William kinkead, me connor morette, me adrian pickering, me zachary sears, me james waldo, me. Figure 9 initial front knuckle design in solid edge the knuckle was then feaed in fempro algor and solidworks cosmosxpress for failure in steering loads and failure in spindle shear loads. In theory if the steering rack is positioned so the tie rods are parallel with the axle. First part of the study involves modeling of the steering knuckle with the design parameters using the latest modeling software, and also it includes the determination of loads acting on the steering knuckle as a function of time. Design and analysis of knuckle and hub of fsae race car. Additionally, concepts in the way of 3d models have been established for the suspension and. The pin that forms the pivot of this hinge is known as king pin or steering knuckle pin.
Khairnar 1mtech scholar, 2assistant professor 1,2department of mechanical engineering, 1,2veermata jijabai technological institute, mumbai, india. The steering knuckle accounts for maximum amount of weight of all suspension components, which requires high necessity of weight reduction. The literature available has increased multifold over the past decade and multiple forms of design structures, fea methods. The toeout is secured by providing the proper relationship between the steering knuckle arms, tie rods. The capacity of the guiding knuckle is to change over straight movement of the tie pole into rakish movement of the stub hub. The percent can be calculated but based on the fact that parallel steer is 0%, and 100% is when the steering arms can. Then the stress analysis was performed using analysis. Steering knuckle is connected to the axle housing by using king pin.
The 20152016 sae baja team would like to thank the following people for their contributions to this mqp. This compromise allowed for the uprights to incorporate the necessary moment arm to achieve the maximum wheel angle based upon the selected steering rack. Steering ratio is the ratio of input from the steering wheel in degrees to the output on the wheels in degrees. The calculations for steering wheel toque as follows. The design process consists of first determining the steering.
Research paper design, development and structural analysis of. The steering arms serve to transform the back and forth motion produced by the steering linkage into a rotating motion to be executed by the steering knuckle. Design of steering system for all terrain vehicle akshay pawar1, suraj zambare2 1,2 department of mechanical engineering, sinhgad academy of engineering, kondhawa abstract the steering system is a vital component of the vehicle as well as the driver interface. Steering wheel lock to lock angle is the total rotating capacity of the steering wheel i. Modeling and analysis of steering knuckle steering knuckle model of light utility vehicle luv is modeled in catia with. Design and manufacturing of knuckle for an electric all. The main focus is to design a steering system such as to counter bump and roll steer and ensure proper response to high speed and low speed turns. The mechanical design of the steering system to produce correct toeout in the turn will also be discussed. In this article, i am going to publish the detailed design procedure for knuckle joint. Conclusion lighter weight of upright assembly and required stiffness is achieved by optimum design calculations and less complex design. Completion of the project has seen the design of geometry for the suspension arms, suspension actuation mechanisms, uprights as well as the steering rack and arms. The steering arms are shaped in such a way that they facilitate the more efficient turning of the vehicle without the tires hitting any of the wheel or the steering mechanism. Keywords steering knuckle, vehicle, design, modeling, analysis.
Design and analysis of steering knuckle component for. He was vital in our engineering design and in bringing both the. The existing design and dimensions of a passenger car were studied to develop the steering knuckle model in. Design and optimization of the steering system of a.
The rods are coaxial and a small amount of angular movement between their axes is permissible. Looking for downloadable 3d printing models, designs, and cad files. How to calculate forces coming on knuckle baja tutor. Pdf design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle. A knuckle joint is used to connect two rods which are under a tensile load. The other, more recent, design of disc brake caliper is the sliding or fist type caliper figure 5. In this section of this guide on how car steering systems work, we will try to explore a little more about these two types of steering system designs. Pdf design and analysis of steering knuckle component. Steering system with the steer arms to the rear of the front axle steering arm angle saa the steer arm angle, especially with a rear steer car, is one of the primary ways to achieve ackerman.
It is required to design a knuckle joint connect two circular rods subjected to an axial tensile force of 50 kn. These materials have high yield strength but the weight of the material is more. Now, design is made of final component, by considering module m 1. After two days of testing and a rollover, a knuckle was failed as shown in figure 10. Abstract the main aim of this paper is to design the steering system for a formula sae vehicle.
The basic function of steering system has to provide maximum direction. Paper open access related content analysis of steering. Here, steering ratio shows the ratio of steering wheel. Tire characteristics tire friction and traction the first thing a tire must do is generate a force at the tire footprint which serves to accelerate, stop and turn your race car. These components cannot be arranged on the same axis due to the vehicle design limitations. Redesign of an fsae race cars steering and suspension system.
Design and optimization of a formula sae vehicle a major qualifying project submitted to the faculty of worcester polytechnic institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in bachelor of science in mechanical engineering by. Such movement is produced by gearing and linkage between the steering wheel and steering knuckle to control the direction stability of the vehicle using steering system, the forcemoment analysis is important. Pdf design and analysis of steering knuckle component for. Types of uspension s system used in automobiles suspension systems can be broadly classified into two subgroups dependent and independent. Structural optimization of a knuckle with consideration of. The computeraided design cad files and all associated content posted to this website are created, uploaded, managed and owned by third party users. The upright or knuckle attaches the wheel, brake rotor, hub, brake caliper and steering arm to the vehicle as shown in diagram ku1 below. The light weight and high strength component is always in demanding for. Design and development of steering knuckle with spindle and. Design variables t 1 and t 2 were defined, respectively, to include the joint between the outer tie rod and knuckle to the shape design variables and design variables t 3, t 4, t. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula saea racer car a dissertation submitted by cristina elena popa in fulfilment of the requirements of courses eng4111 and 4112 research project towards the degree of bachelor of engineering mechanical submitted. This problem can be solved by redesigning the steering knuckle.
The objective of steering system is to provide directional control of the vehicle, to withstand high stress in off terrain conditions, to reduce steering effort and to provide good. Therefore, it requires high precision, quality, and durability. Design and analysis of hub and knuckle of fsae race car mr. Through the calculations we can find out that for a turn of. This study aims to redesign the steering knuckle in order to reduce the weight while retaining a satisfactory safety factor for better performance of the vehicle. Javir4 1,2,3,4department of mechanical engineering 1,2,3,4rajendra mane college of engineering and technology, ambav, mumbai university abstract the formula sae series competition gives. Movement of steering wheel by the driver should cause an accurate response of the road wheels. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula. When there is a requirement of a small amount of flexibility or angular moment, knuckle joint is used.
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